Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide and an analog of the active fragment of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), widely used in neuroscientific research and preclinical studies due to its diverse neuroactive properties. Its core functions include neuroprotection, nootropic effects, anxiolysis, and analgesia, making it a valuable tool for investigating brain function and neurological disorders. It exerts neuroprotective effects by activating the transcription of neurotrophic factors, scavenging free radicals, and reducing oxidative stress, thereby protecting neurons from damage caused by ischemia, hypoxia, and neurotoxic substances. In cognitive research, it enhances learning and memory abilities by regulating synaptic plasticity and neurotransmitter release, particularly in animal models of cognitive impairment. It is also used to study the mechanisms of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, providing insights for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it is employed in research on stress-related disorders, as it can modulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and alleviate anxiety-like behaviors. Importantly, Semax is strictly for research purposes only and is not intended for human or veterinary clinical use, serving as a critical reagent in academic and pharmaceutical R&D laboratories focused on neuroscience.

Semax is classified as a moderately irritating substance under GHS classification, with hazard statements H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation), and additional environmental hazard due to its WGK Germany classification of 3, indicating potential harm to aquatic environments. Direct skin contact with the lyophilized powder or aqueous solutions may cause irritation, redness, swelling, and itching, especially in individuals with sensitive skin; prolonged or repeated contact can exacerbate these symptoms, requiring immediate rinsing with plenty of clean water for at least 10 minutes to remove any residual substance. Eye contact poses a significant risk, as it can lead to severe irritation, excessive tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, and even temporary corneal damage; in case of exposure, the eyes must be irrigated continuously with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes, and immediate medical attention should be sought if symptoms persist. Inhalation of fine powder or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract mucosa, causing coughing, throat dryness, chest tightness, or mild shortness of breath, so all handling must be conducted in a well-ventilated fume hood with appropriate personal protective equipment. When storing, it must be kept in a sealed, dry container at -20°C, protected from light, heat, and oxidizing agents to prevent degradation and ensure stability. Waste materials and contaminated packaging should be disposed of in accordance with local hazardous waste regulations, and direct release into water bodies or soil is strictly prohibited to avoid adverse impacts on aquatic organisms and the ecological environment.