Physical Properties

• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder, odorless, uniform particle size, no visible impurities.
• Melting Point: 113-118 °C (lit.), melts without obvious decomposition.
• Boiling Point: Undetermined under normal atmospheric pressure, decomposes before boiling.
• Solubility: Easily soluble in water (50 mg/mL), slightly soluble in methanol, ethanol and glacial acetic acid; insoluble in non-polar organic solvents.
• Density: Undetermined (20 °C), bulk density 450-500 kg/m3.
• Optical Activity: Has optical activity, specific rotation [α]20/D 22.8°, with 9 determined chiral centers.
• Moisture Absorption: Slightly hygroscopic, prone to agglomeration in high humidity environment.
• pH Value: 2.5-3.5 (1% aqueous solution, 25 °C); loss on drying ≤5%; specific rotation 22.0°-24.0°.

Chemical Properties

• Chemical Category: Aldonic acid, polyhydroxy bio-acid, also known as 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid; composed of one molecule of galactose and one molecule of gluconic acid.
• Stability: Stable under normal temperature and pressure (sealed); stable in dry and dark environment; can be converted between free acid and δ-lactone forms, with acidic pH favoring δ-lactone formation.
• Acid-Base Property: Weakly acidic; aqueous solution is acidic, can react with bases to form corresponding salts.
• Hydrolysis: Stable under normal storage conditions; no obvious hydrolysis; can be decomposed under high temperature and strong acid/alkali conditions.
• Photostability: Relatively stable to light; long-term exposure to strong light will not cause obvious decomposition, but may affect crystal form.
• Reactivity: Has antioxidant, moisturizing and metal chelating properties; low toxicity, may cause slight irritation to skin and eyes; compatible with most cosmetics and pharmaceutical additives; easy to biodegrade.

Chemical Structure

Applications

• Cosmetics industry: Used as third-generation fruit acid in skin care products, with mild exfoliation, deep moisturizing, anti-oxidation and anti-aging effects, suitable for sensitive skin.
• Pharmaceutical industry: Used as low pH buffer, auxiliary material for drug solubility enhancement, and organ preservation agent in transplantation process; also used as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor.
• Food industry: Used as food additive, humectant and flavor enhancer, improving food texture and moisture retention.
• Biomedical field: Used for embedding SYK kinase inhibitors in liposome nanoparticles, and as raw material for biological reagents.
• Other fields: Used as metal chelating agent, improving the stability of products; also used in scientific research and chemical synthesis intermediates.

Storage & Handling

• Storage: Sealed, cool, dry and well-ventilated; away from sunlight, heat and moisture; avoid agglomeration caused by moisture absorption.
• Temperature: 4 °C (preferred) or 2-30 °C for long-term storage; shelf life 24 months under proper conditions; use as soon as possible after opening.
• Packaging: Sealed plastic drum or aluminum foil bag (25kg/1-5kg), moisture-proof and sealed; small packages for laboratory use adopt double PE bags and cartons.
• Precautions: Avoid inhalation of dust and direct skin/eye contact; wear protective gloves, goggles and masks during operation; rinse with plenty of water immediately if contacted accidentally; dispose of waste in accordance with industrial waste regulations.

Description