Shandong Huashang Chemical Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development, manufacturing, and sales of fine chemicals. Headquartered in Jinan, Shandong, China, we are committed to delivering high-quality products to our global partners. Currently, over 90% of our products are exported to developed markets, including North America, Europe, Japan, South Korea, and the Middle East.
Appearance
Pale yellow to orange crystalline solid, with a slightly pungent odor, uniform crystalline texture and no visible impurities. It is a crystalline powder or small crystal at room temperature, with good crystallinity, and is easy to agglomerate when exposed to moisture. The color of the product deepens slightly when exposed to light, which is a sign of decomposition. It is slightly soluble in cold water, and decomposes rapidly when in contact with hot water, releasing nitrogen gas and forming chlorinated aromatic by-products, which is a typical characteristic of diazonium salts.
Physical Properties
Melting point: Decomposes before melting, no clear melting point. It is unstable at temperatures above 50°C, decomposes rapidly, releases nitrogen gas and toxic chlorinated gases, and may even cause combustion or explosion under severe conditions. Boiling point: Not applicable, as it decomposes at high temperature under both atmospheric and reduced pressure, and cannot reach the boiling point.
Density: 1.35±0.1 g/cm3 (25°C, predicted), solid density at room temperature, stable under normal temperature and pressure, and the density does not change significantly with small temperature fluctuations. Solubility: Slightly soluble in cold water, decomposes in hot water; easily soluble in polar organic solvents such as acetone, ethanol and acetic acid; slightly soluble in non-polar organic solvents such as benzene and toluene.
Other properties: It is highly sensitive to light and moisture, and decomposes rapidly when exposed to strong light or moisture, so it needs to be stored in a sealed, light-proof and dry environment; it has no obvious refractive index data (solid state); vapor pressure is extremely low under normal temperature and pressure, but the decomposition products are volatile and toxic; it is a strong electrophilic reagent, typical of diazonium ion properties.
Chemical Properties
1. Instability and Decomposition: Highly unstable, decomposes rapidly when heated, shocked, exposed to light or in contact with strong acids, releasing nitrogen gas and forming chlorinated aromatic compounds; the decomposition reaction is exothermic, and may cause explosion in severe cases, similar to the chemical behavior of common diazonium salts.
2. Reactivity: As a diazonium ion compound, it has strong electrophilic reactivity, can undergo coupling reactions with phenols, amines and other compounds to form azo dyes; can also undergo substitution reactions, replacing the diazonium group with other functional groups (such as -Cl, -Br, -OH).
3. Stability: Stable only under low temperature, dry and light-proof conditions; unstable in the presence of water (especially hot water), light, heat and strong acids; stable to weak bases, but may decompose when in contact with strong bases; incompatible with reducing agents and oxidants.
4. Incompatibility: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong acids and heavy metals; avoid mixed storage with these substances to prevent violent reactions or explosion; stable when mixed with dry non-polar organic solvents under light-proof conditions.
Usage
1. Organic Synthesis Field: As an important diazonium salt intermediate, it is widely used in the synthesis of azo dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides and fine chemicals; it is a key reagent for coupling reactions and substitution reactions, and is often used to introduce functional groups into aromatic rings.
2. Pharmaceutical Field: Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds, especially in the synthesis of aromatic compounds with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other activities; used as a standard substance for drug quality control and analysis.
3. Chemical Research Field: Used as a reagent in organic chemical research, such as the research on coupling reactions, substitution reactions and other reaction mechanisms; used as a reference substance in chemical analysis and detection of diazonium salts.
4. Dye Industry: Used in the synthesis of disperse dyes, acid dyes and other azo dyes, which are widely used in textile, printing and dyeing and other industries; the dichloro-substituted structure can improve the color fastness and stability of dyes.
Storage
Store in a sealed, airtight, light-proof and moisture-proof container, keep away from light, heat, moisture and shock; store in a cool, dry and well-ventilated warehouse, the recommended storage temperature is 0-5°C, and low-temperature refrigerated storage is mandatory. It should be stored separately from oxidants, reducing agents, strong acids, heavy metals and other incompatible substances, and should not be mixed for storage; avoid long-term exposure to light, moisture and high temperature to prevent decomposition and explosion. The storage period can reach 6 months under proper storage conditions.
Safety Overview
Hazard Category: Explosive (1.3); Light & Moisture Sensitive; Toxic; Causes skin irritation (H315), eye irritation (H319), and may cause respiratory irritation (H335); Hazardous transport number UN 0225. It is for professional organic synthesis, pharmaceutical manufacturing, dye production and chemical research use only; not for human consumption, and strictly prohibited from contact with food and drinking water; it is an explosive substance, and must be handled in strict accordance with explosive safety regulations.
Safety Precautions
1. Personal Protection: Wear explosion-proof protective clothing, acid and alkali resistant gloves, safety goggles and face shield when handling; avoid direct contact with skin, eyes and respiratory tract; ensure the operation area is fully ventilated, and use in a fume hood (explosion-proof type) to avoid inhalation of dust or decomposition products; no open flames or sparks are allowed in the operation area.
2. Emergency Handling: If contact with skin, immediately rinse thoroughly with plenty of cold flowing water for 10-15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing, and seek medical advice immediately; if contact with eyes, rinse cautiously with cold water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if present) and continue rinsing, seek medical advice immediately; if inhaled, move to fresh air immediately, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and seek medical advice if discomfort occurs; if swallowed, do not induce vomiting, call a poison center or doctor immediately.
3. Fire & Spill: Explosive when heated or shocked; use dry powder, foam or carbon dioxide fire extinguishing agents in case of fire, and avoid using water to put out fire (may cause splashing and secondary danger); if spilled, isolate the contaminated area, evacuate personnel, wear explosion-proof and protective equipment, collect the spilled solid with dry and clean non-sparking tools, put it into a sealed explosion-proof container for proper disposal, and avoid entering drains or water courses.
4. Disposal: Dispose of waste and packaging in accordance with local environmental and explosive hazardous waste regulations; do not discard at will; waste must be treated by professional explosive hazardous waste disposal institutions to avoid environmental pollution and explosion risks.
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