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Lithium Methoxide
1. Basic Information
Name: Lithium Methoxide
Alias: Lithium methylate, CH3OLi
CAS No.: 865-34-9
Molecular Formula: CH3LiO
Molecular Weight: 37.98
Category: Strong alkaline organolithium reagent, organic synthesis base, lithium raw material
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: White to off-white fine crystalline powder
- Odor: Irritating methanol odor when exposed to air
- Solubility: Soluble in anhydrous methanol, ethanol, THF; violently reacts with water, protic solvents, carboxylic acids
- Melting Point: Decomposes above 100 °C without clear melting point
- Hygroscopy: Extremely hygroscopic, rapidly absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from air
- Aqueous Property: Violent exothermic hydrolysis with water, generates methanol and lithium hydroxide alkaline solution
Chemical Properties
- Molecular Structure: Ionic alkali metal alkoxide consisting of Li? and methoxide anion CH3O?
- Strong Alkalinity: Strong organic base, widely used for deprotonation of active methylene compounds, ester Claisen condensation
- Air Sensitivity: Fine powder easily deteriorates in humid air, forms lithium carbonate and methanol; long-term exposure turns gray
- Thermal Stability: Stable under anhydrous inert nitrogen atmosphere below 80 °C; high temperature decomposes to release methyl ether and lithium oxide
- Compatibility: Only compatible with strictly anhydrous aprotic/alcohol solvents; incompatible with water, acids, oxidants, halocarbons, air moisture
3. Main Application Fields
1. Organic Synthetic Strong Base (Core Application)
Catalyst for transesterification, Claisen condensation, asymmetric chiral synthesis; deprotonation reagent for pharmaceutical intermediate and fine chemical preparation
2. Lithium Battery Material Precursor
Raw material for lithium-based coating sol, lithium electrolyte additive synthesis
3. Ester Exchange Catalyst
Catalyst for biodiesel synthesis and high-purity ester monomer production
4. Laboratory Anhydrous Alkaline Standard Reagent
Standard base for non-aqueous titration analysis
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 865-34-9 |
| Molecular Formula | CH3LiO |
| Appearance | Uniform white crystalline powder without gray impurities |
| Purity | Synthesis Grade ≥98.0% |
| Free Methanol | ≤1.0% |
| Water Content (KF) | ≤0.05% |
| Carbonate Impurity | ≤1.0% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤2.0% |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm |
| Packaging | Nitrogen-filled sealed metal can with vacuum aluminum foil inner bag |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed inert gas storage, cool dry warehouse below 20 °C; strictly isolated from air, water, acid and humid raw materials |
| Transportation Requirement | Water-reactive alkaline hazardous solid, Class 4.3 dangerous goods, airtight packaging, separated from aqueous cargo and acidic chemicals |
| Shelf Life | 12 months under nitrogen vacuum sealed storage |
Safety Warning
Corrosive water-reactive alkaline solid. Contact with water or humid air releases flammable methanol vapor and heat, may cause irritation and combustion risk. Dust severely irritates eyes, respiratory tract and skin; hydrolysis lithium hydroxide causes chemical burns. All operations must be operated in anhydrous nitrogen/argon glove box or fully sealed fume hood, equipped with full-face gas mask, alkali-resistant thick gloves and flame-retardant protective clothing. Fire fighting strictly prohibits water, foam extinguishers; only dry sand or metal powder fire extinguisher can be used. Waste disposal needs slow quenching with anhydrous isopropanol under inert anhydrous conditions, then neutralized and recovered; classified as hazardous alkaline waste for professional licensed disposal.
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