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Scandium
1. Basic Information
Name: Scandium
Alias: Scandium metal, Scandium elemental
CAS No.: 7440-20-2
Molecular Formula: Sc
Molecular Weight: 44.96
Category: Rare light rare earth metal, high-performance alloy raw material, electronic functional material, rare earth chemical raw material
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Silvery-white soft metallic solid, easy to oxidize to light yellow-gray in air
- Odor: Odorless metal solid
- Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulfuric acid, nitric acid to generate scandium salt and hydrogen
- Melting Point: 1541 ℃
- Boiling Point: 2836 ℃
- Density (20℃): 2.985 g/cm3
- Hardness: Soft metal, lower hardness than aluminum
- Electrical & Thermal Conductivity: Good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity
- Hygroscopy: Non-hygroscopic, but easy to oxidize and discolor under humid air
- Aqueous property: Does not react with neutral pure water at room temperature; reacts rapidly with hot water to produce scandium hydroxide and hydrogen
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Single elemental metal, atomic number 21, belongs to light rare earth series
- Oxidation characteristic: Easily oxidized in air at room temperature to form Sc?O? oxide film; powder scandium has extremely strong oxidation activity, may spontaneously ignite in air
- Acid reaction: Reacts violently with dilute inorganic acids to produce trivalent scandium ion salt and hydrogen gas
- High-temperature activity: At high temperature, combines with oxygen, nitrogen, halogen, sulfur to form corresponding scandium compounds
- Photostability: Bulk metal stable under light; scandium powder accelerates oxidation under UV irradiation
- Compatibility: Compatible with inert gases, anhydrous organic solvents; incompatible with water, acids, oxidants, halogen gases
3. Main Application Fields
1. High-strength Aluminum Alloy Additive (Core Application)
Trace scandium added to aluminum alloy to refine grain structure, greatly improve tensile strength, corrosion resistance and welding performance; used for aerospace, high-speed rail, military equipment lightweight structural parts
2. Electronic & Optoelectronic Materials
Raw material for scandium aluminum garnet laser crystals, high-brightness metal halide lamp, display panel luminescent materials, semiconductor chip coating auxiliary
3. Rare Earth Chemical Raw Material
Precursor for synthesis of scandium oxide, scandium chloride, scandium nitrate and other scandium salt fine chemical products
4. Fuel Cell & Catalyst Auxiliary
Doping element for solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte; rare earth catalyst additive for petrochemical synthesis
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 7440-20-2 |
| Molecular Formula | Sc |
| Appearance | Silvery metallic block / silver-gray powder (grade dependent) |
| Metal Sc Purity | 99.9% / 99.99% / 99.999% rare earth grade |
| Total Rare Earth Impurity | ≤0.01% (4N grade) |
| Non-rare Earth Metal Impurity (Fe, Si, Ca, Ti) | ≤10 ppm each |
| Oxygen Content | ≤500 ppm (block metal) |
| Water Content | 0% metal solid |
| Packaging | Vacuum argon-sealed aluminum foil bag for powder; vacuum sealed iron tank for metal ingot/block |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed inert gas filled warehouse below 25 ℃, completely isolated from air, water, acid and oxidizing substances |
| Transportation Requirement | Active rare earth metal, sealed anti-oxidation packaging, separate from corrosive liquids and oxidants |
| Shelf Life | 36 months under vacuum inert gas sealed storage |
Safety Warning
Active rare earth metal solid. Bulk metal low hazard; scandium powder is flammable solid, dust irritates eyes and respiratory tract, fine powder may spontaneous combustion when exposed to humid air. All powder operations must be carried out in inert gas glove box or fully ventilated explosion-proof fume hood with dust-proof respirator, flame retardant nitrile gloves and protective goggles. Strictly avoid contact with water, acid and oxidizing chemicals. Waste metal scraps sealed and stored for rare earth recovery; waste powder belongs to flammable rare earth metal hazardous waste disposed by licensed professional institutions.
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