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Sodium formate
1. Basic Information
Name: Sodium formate
Alias: Formic acid sodium salt
CAS No.: 141-53-7
Molecular Formula: HCOONa
Molecular Weight: 68.01
Category: Small organic sodium salt, leather tanning agent, printing & dyeing auxiliary, concrete antifreeze, industrial reducing agent, pharmaceutical raw material
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular crystal
- Odor: Odorless, slight faint formic acid sour taste when damp
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water, soluble in glycerol; slightly soluble in methanol; insoluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, hydrocarbons
- Melting Point: 253 ℃ (decomposes simultaneously)
- Density (20℃): 1.92 g/cm3
- Hygroscopy: Strongly hygroscopic, easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate in humid air
- Aqueous property: Weakly alkaline aqueous solution, pH 8.0–9.5; easily releases formic acid under acidic conditions
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Formate anion + sodium cation, contains reducible aldehyde-type formyl group
- Reducing property: Formate radical has strong reducibility, can reduce metal ions such as Ag?, Cu2?; used as reducing agent in printing and metal surface treatment
- Acid decomposition: Reacts with inorganic acid to generate formic acid, core raw material for industrial preparation of formic acid
- Thermal decomposition: Decomposes above 250 ℃ to produce sodium oxalate, sodium carbonate, hydrogen and carbon monoxide
- Complexing ability: Formate ions can chelate trivalent metal ions, used as masking agent for leather chromium tanning
- Photostability: Good light stability, no discoloration under long-term light irradiation
- Compatibility: Compatible with neutral and weakly alkaline raw materials; incompatible with strong oxidants, concentrated strong acids
3. Main Application Fields
1. Leather Industry (Core Application)
Chromium tanning auxiliary, buffering agent for leather pickling; reduces chromium dosage, improves leather softness and fullness
2. Construction Additive
Concrete antifreeze, early strength agent; lowers freezing point of water, accelerates cement hydration construction in low-temperature environment
3. Printing & Dyeing & Textile
Reducing agent for dye printing, mordant, textile washing auxiliary; prevents dye oxidation fading
4. Fine Chemical & Pharmaceutical
Raw material for synthesizing formic acid, oxalic acid; pharmaceutical intermediate, analytical standard reducing reagent
5. Oil Drilling & Wastewater Treatment
Drilling fluid stabilizer, heavy metal wastewater chelating precipitant
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 141-53-7 |
| Molecular Formula | HCOONa |
| Appearance | Uniform white crystal without yellow agglomeration |
| Purity | Industrial Grade ≥98.0%, Pharma Grade ≥99.0% |
| Water Content (KF) | ≤1.00% |
| Chloride (Cl?) | ≤0.10% |
| Sulfate (SO?2?) | ≤0.05% |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm |
| Packaging | 25kg PE lined woven bag / fiber drum |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed cool dry warehouse below 25 ℃, isolate humid air and strong acid raw materials |
| Transportation Requirement | Strongly hygroscopic organic salt, moisture-proof sealed packaging |
| Shelf Life | 24 months under sealed dry storage |
Safety Warning
Mild irritant organic salt powder. Dust irritates eyes and nasal mucosa; contact with strong acid releases corrosive formic acid vapor. All operations carried out in ventilated environment with dust mask and nitrile gloves. Avoid mixing with concentrated acid and strong oxidants. Waste liquid diluted and neutralized before discharge; solid waste belongs to general industrial organic salt waste.
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