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5-Chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid
1. Basic Information
Name: 5-Chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid
Alias: 5-Chloro-2-pyrazinecarboxylic acid
CAS No.: 36070-80-1
Molecular Formula: C5H3ClN2O2
Molecular Weight: 158.54
Category: Chloropyrazine heterocyclic intermediate, pharmaceutical API building block, agrochemical bactericide raw material
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
- Odor: Faint mild heterocyclic sour odor
- Solubility: Soluble in hot ethanol, methanol, DMF, dilute alkaline water; slightly soluble in cold water; insoluble in toluene, hexane, ethyl acetate
- Melting Point: 182–186 ℃ (decomposes)
- Density (predicted): 1.47 g/cm3
- Hygroscopy: Non-hygroscopic under normal ambient humidity
- Aqueous property: Weakly acidic solid; reacts with alkali to generate soluble carboxylate salts; stable at room temperature neutral water
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Pyrazine six-membered nitrogen heterocycle, C5 chlorine substitution, C2 carboxylic acid group; dual reactive sites of aryl chloride and carboxyl
- Carboxyl derivatization: Carboxylic acid can undergo esterification, amidation, acid chloride synthesis to construct drug side chains
- Aryl chloride nucleophilic substitution: C5 Cl participates SNAr reaction with amines, alcohols, thiols to introduce functional substituents
- Thermal stability: Stable below 150 ℃; above melting point decarboxylation occurs to form 2-chloropyrazine impurity
- Photostability: Slightly light-sensitive; long-term UV irradiation turns powder pale yellow
- Compatibility: Compatible with polar aprotic solvents, weak alkaline aqueous solution; incompatible with strong oxidants, concentrated strong acid under high temperature
3. Main Application Fields
1. Pharmaceutical Heterocyclic Intermediate (Core Application)
Core fragment for anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, metabolic disease small molecule APIs; used for synthesizing pyrazine-series targeted therapeutic drugs
2. Agricultural Pesticide Intermediate
Raw material for broad-spectrum pyrazine fungicides, crop disease prevention agents
3. Organic Synthesis Lab Reagent
Standard substrate for aromatic nucleophilic substitution and carboxylic acid functional transformation research
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 36070-80-1 |
| Molecular Formula | C5H3ClN2O2 |
| Appearance | Uniform white crystal without yellow discoloration |
| HPLC Purity | Synthetic Intermediate Grade ≥98.5% |
| Melting Point | 182–186 ℃ |
| Water Content (KF) | ≤0.20% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.10% |
| Single Unknown Impurity | ≤0.10% |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm |
| Packaging | 100g/1kg amber light-proof aluminum foil vacuum bag, 25kg PE lined fiber drum |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed cool dry warehouse below 25 ℃, light shielding, isolate strong oxidants and high temperature heat sources |
| Transportation Requirement | Slightly light-sensitive chloropyrazine crystal, conventional moisture-proof sealed packaging |
| Shelf Life | 24 months under nitrogen vacuum sealed storage |
Safety Warning
Mild irritant chlorinated heterocyclic acidic powder. Dust irritates eyes, nasal and respiratory mucosa; long-term skin contact may cause slight allergic itching. All operations in ventilated fume hood with dust mask, splash-proof goggles and chemical-resistant nitrile gloves. Avoid long-time high temperature heating to prevent decarboxylation decomposition. Waste liquid neutralized with dilute alkali before discharge; solid waste classified as halogen-containing organic hazardous waste for professional disposal.
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