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Niflumic acid
1. Basic Information
Name: Niflumic acid
Alias: 2-[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid
CAS No.: 4394-00-7
Molecular Formula: C13H9F3N2O2
Molecular Weight: 282.22
Category: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory API, calcium-activated chloride channel blocker, biochemical research reagent, analgesic raw material
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: White to pale yellow crystalline powder
- Odor: Odorless with slight bitter taste
- Solubility: Practically insoluble in cold water (19 mg/L); soluble in ethanol, methanol, acetone, DMSO and acetonitrile; soluble in dilute alkaline aqueous solutions by forming corresponding salts
- Melting Point: 203–204 ℃
- Predicted Density: 1.394 g/cm3
- Predicted Boiling Point: 378.0 ℃ (760 mmHg)
- Hygroscopy: Moderately hygroscopic, prone to moisture agglomeration under high humidity conditions
- Aqueous property: Weakly acidic compound with two dissociation constants pKa=2.26 and 4.44; stable in neutral cold water, soluble in alkaline solutions and precipitates upon acidification
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid backbone connected with m-trifluoromethylaniline through secondary amine linkage, containing trifluoromethyl, carboxyl and secondary amine functional groups
- Pharmacological activity: Inhibits prostaglandin biosynthesis and blocks calcium-activated chloride channels, delivering anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects
- Photostability: Highly light-sensitive; long-term UV exposure turns the powder yellow-green and generates oxidative impurities
- Thermal stability: Stable below 180 ℃; decomposition occurs above melting point with release of fluorine-containing volatile substances
- Chemical reactivity: Carboxyl group is available for esterification and salt formation; secondary amine undergoes acylation reactions; incompatible with strong oxidants and concentrated strong alkali under heating
3. Main Application Fields
1. Human and Veterinary NSAID API (Core Application)
Raw material for oral and rectal formulations to treat rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, soft tissue inflammation and fever; widely applied in anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving preparations for livestock
2. Ion Channel Research Tool Reagent
Specific inhibitor of calcium-activated chloride channels, standard testing reagent for cell electrophysiology and ion transport mechanism research
3. Chromatographic Reference Standard
HPLC reference standard for quality control of niflumic acid pharmaceutical preparations
4. Fine Chemical Intermediate
Precursor for synthesis of niflumate ester prodrugs and fluorinated pyridine derivatives
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 4394-00-7 |
| Molecular Formula | C13H9F3N2O2 |
| Appearance | Uniform pale yellow or white crystal powder without discoloration |
| HPLC Purity | Pharmaceutical Grade ≥99.0%, Research Grade ≥99.5% |
| Melting Point | 203–204 ℃ |
| Water Content (KF) | ≤0.30% |
| Residue on Ignition | ≤0.10% |
| Single Unknown Impurity | ≤0.10% |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤10 ppm |
| Packaging | Light-proof aluminum foil vacuum bag; bulk 25kg PE lined fiber drum |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed cool dry warehouse below 25 ℃, avoid direct strong light and isolate oxidants |
| Transportation Requirement | Light-sensitive slightly hygroscopic fluorinated pharmaceutical powder, moisture-proof sealed packaging, separated from strong oxidizing chemicals |
| Shelf Life | 24 months under fully nitrogen-sealed storage |
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