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Ethylene Carbonate
1. Basic Information
Name: Ethylene Carbonate
Alias: 1,3-Dioxolan-2-one, 2-Dioxo-1,3-dioxolane
CAS No.: 96-49-1
Molecular Formula: C3H4O3
Molecular Weight: 88.06
Category: High-purity lithium battery electrolyte solvent, polar aprotic solvent, pharmaceutical synthesis intermediate, textile finishing agent, plastic additive
2. Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Colorless transparent crystalline solid at room temperature above melting point becomes clear liquid
- Odor: Odorless, slight mild sweet ester smell
- Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, DMF; slightly soluble in benzene, ether and aliphatic hydrocarbons
- Melting Point: 34–36 °C
- Boiling Point: 248 °C (760 mmHg, decomposition)
- Density (40 °C liquid): 1.321 g/cm3
- Refractive Index nD40: 1.419
- Flash Point: 143 °C
- Hygroscopy: Moderately hygroscopic, easily absorbs water vapor in humid air
- Aqueous property: Neutral cyclic carbonate; stable in cold neutral water; hydrolyzes into ethylene glycol and carbon dioxide under strong acid or alkaline heating
Chemical Properties
- Molecular structure: Five-membered cyclic carbonate with high dielectric constant, strong polar carbonyl group
- Electrolyte performance: High dielectric constant, excellent lithium salt dissolving capacity, widely used as main solvent for lithium-ion battery electrolyte
- Ring-opening reactivity: Undergoes ring-opening esterification, transesterification and aminolysis reactions with alcohols, amines and carboxylic acids to synthesize polycarbonates, polyurethane intermediates and pharmaceutical raw materials
- Photostability: Good light resistance, no obvious discoloration under long-term light storage
- Thermal stability: Stable below 200 °C; decomposes above boiling point to release CO? and ethylene oxide derivatives
- Compatibility: Compatible with most polar solvents, lithium salts and polymer resins; incompatible with strong alkaline solutions and strong oxidants under heating
3. Main Application Fields
1. Lithium Battery Electrolyte High-Purity Solvent (Core Application)
Core high-dielectric solvent for lithium-ion power battery, energy storage battery and consumer battery electrolyte formulations
2. Pharmaceutical & Fine Chemical Synthetic Intermediate
Ring-opening raw material for synthesizing ethylene glycol derivatives, carbamate drugs and water-soluble polymer monomers
3. Industrial Polar Cleaning Solvent
High-boiling cleaning agent for electronic circuit boards, resin and polymer degreasing
4. Textile & Plastic Auxiliary
Swelling agent for synthetic fiber dyeing, plastic plasticizer and curing accelerator
4. Quality Specification Table
| Test Item | Standard Specification |
| CAS Number | 96-49-1 |
| Molecular Formula | C3H4O3 |
| Appearance | Colorless crystal or transparent liquid after melting, free of suspended impurities |
| GC Purity | Battery Grade ≥99.99%, Industrial Grade ≥99.0% |
| Water Content (KF) | Battery Grade ≤10 ppm, Industrial Grade ≤0.10% |
| Melting Point | 34–36 °C |
| Free Acid (as CO?) | ≤10 ppm |
| Heavy Metals (Pb) | ≤1 ppm |
| Packaging | Sealed stainless steel tank / nitrogen-sealed plastic drum; small package: nitrogen-filled aluminum foil bag |
| Storage Condition | Hermetically sealed cool dry warehouse above 35 °C to avoid crystallization, isolated from humid air, strong acid and alkali |
| Transportation Requirement | Hygroscopic cyclic carbonate solid/liquid, heat-preserved sealed packaging, separated from corrosive hazardous goods |
| Shelf Life | 24 months under nitrogen sealed storage |
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